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9/23/03
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China:
The Next Frontier for
Supply Chain Management
by Rob Handfield |
An
academic colleague of mine who teaches at the
China-Europe International University in Shanghai,
Professor Linda Sprague, has been living in
China and teaching university in Beijing for
the last two years. She recently emailed me
with some very interesting observations about
what she has witnessed over that time, and I
spoke with her last week at the Academy of Management
meeting. Her letter to me follows.
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You
should plan to really visit China -- quite
a place at any time, extra "interesting"
right now. And dont worry about
SARS! In Shanghai, we've had 2 deaths
in a city of 17 million people, have an
average of about 8 cases suspected/probable/in
treatment at any time, are discharging
people who've recovered regularly: 2/17,000,000
(P = .00000012) over nearly 6 months is
not something I worry about. On the other
hand, the likelihood of being run over
by a taxi is real given the number new
drivers let loose on the roads every week!
Within 2 miles of where I sit, Hitachi
and Sony have major manufacturing operations
which have been here for several years
already and expand continually. Japanese
auto manufacturers have been setting up
production operations for some time, Volkswagen
has a number of plants working (one which
has been here for more than 15 years),
GM has had world-class autos coming off
their lines here for 4+ years and is now
shipping engines made here back to North
America. Dell, Cisco and Intel have operations
in Chinas interior and their suppliers
have been establishing local supply for
more than 2 years. While the West focuses
on export data, Western manufacturers
are selling successfully to the domestic
market. The major aircraft manufacturers
have been increasing their sourcing of
parts within China for several years now
(admittedly not without quality problems).
The improvement in the supplier base in
just the past two years has been remarkable.
Clearly, there is more to the story of
POM activity in China than that suggested
by Foreign Direct Investment figures published
by the US Government!
Given the economic, social and political
situation in China since the death of
Mao Zedong, at least three selected time
periods can be related to events within
the country which have had an impact on
manufacturing activity. It might be noted
that China experts tend to place such
programs as Reform and Opening Up, etc.,
into these three time periods of development:
Stage 1: 1978-1986,
Stage 2: 1987-1996,
Stage 3: 1997-2002.
Stage 3 is likely going to end in 2002
with the shift in regimes last fall; we
are probably in the early days of Stage
4 now. There are also time blocks specifically
tied to the deaths of Mao Zedong (1976),
Deng Xiaoping (1997) and the retirement
of Jiang Zemin (2002). See, for example,
Brahm, Laurence J. and Stephen X.M. Lu,
Re-engineering China, Naga, P.O.
Box 10250, General Post Office, Hong Kong,
1999.
What should be and what will be
-- the relationships between the Central
Government, Provincial Governments and
privatized manufacturing industry (including
WOFEs) in the execution of the Supply-Chain-related
strategies and programs described in The
Tenth Five-Year Plan of China? (WOFE
= Wholly-Owned Foreign Enterprises) This
is the real question that we will need
to consider soon.
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For
further reading and information on the future
of China, the following texts are great summaries.
Anderson, Jonathan and Fred Hu, The Five
Great Myths about China and the World, The
Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., Hong Kong, 2003
Cai Fang, Wang Dewen and Du Yang, Convergence,
Divergence and Conditions: Explaining Regional
Disparities in China, China & World
Economy, Number 2, 2002, pages 17-24
Cheng Siwei, Studies on Economic Reforms
and Development in China, Oxford University
Press, 2001
Gao Shangquan, The Second Revolution: Historic
Changes in Chinas Economic System,
Joint Publishing (H.K.) Co., Ltd. 1998
Lardy, Nicholas R., Chinas Unfinished
Economic Revolution, Brookings Institute
Press, Washington D.C., 1998
OCDE (Organisation de Coopération et
de Développement Éconmiques),
La Chine dans léconomie mondiale:
les enjeux de politique économique intérieure,
2002
National Bureau of Statistics of the Peoples
Republic of China, Statistical Communique
of the Peoples Republic of China on the
2002 National Economic and Social Development,
English translation published as an insert in
the Beijing Review, March 13, 2003
Steinfeld, Edward S., Forging Reform in China:
The Fate of State-Owned Industry, Cambridge
University Press, 1998
The Tenth Five-Year Plan of China, New
Star Publishers, Beijing 100 037, China, 2001.
Sincerely,
Rob Handfield
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